General Medicine (Systemic Diseases)

1.1 Why systemic disease matters in dentistry (risk, diagnosis, treatment modification); 1.2 Medical history-taking structure (CC, HPI, PMH, PSH, DHx, allergies, SHx); 1.3 Drug history essentials (prescribed/OTC/herbal; adherence; adverse reactions); 1.4 Allergy and adverse drug reaction differentiation (true allergy vs side effects); 1.5 Baseline observations in dental settings (BP, pulse, SpO?, temp — intro); 1.6 ASA classification concept and fitness for dental care (intro); 1.7 Consent and d

2.1 CBC basics: anemia, infection markers, platelet count relevance

2.2 Blood glucose (FBS/RBS/HbA1c) relevance to infection and healing

2.3 Coagulation profile: PT/INR, aPTT (bleeding risk relevance)

2.4 Renal function: urea/creatinine/eGFR (drug dosing relevance)

2.5 Liver function tests (LFTs): metabolism and bleeding relevance (intro)

2.6 ECG awareness (basic) and when it matters for dental care (intro)

3.1 Hypertension: diagnosis thresholds concept; dental implications

3.10 Stroke/TIA history: risk assessment and dental planning basics

3.2 Ischemic heart disease: angina vs MI history; stable vs unstable (risk stratification)

3.3 Heart failure: symptoms, severity cues, chair position and stress reduction (intro)

3.4 Arrhythmias: AF awareness; pacemakers/ICDs (intro)

3.5 Valvular heart disease and murmurs: significance and referral awareness

3.6 Antiplatelet therapy: aspirin/clopidogrel—bleeding considerations (principles)

3.7 Anticoagulants: warfarin (INR concept) and DOACs awareness—dental planning principles

3.8 Infective endocarditis: risk concept and antibiotic prophylaxis awareness (local guideline-based)

3.9 Local anaesthetic with vasoconstrictor: indications, cautions, dose concepts (intro)

4.1 Asthma: triggers, inhaler use, dental appointment planning (intro)

4.2 COPD: oxygenation issues, chair position, short appointments (intro)

4.3 Acute respiratory infections: when to postpone elective care

4.4 Tuberculosis awareness: screening questions and referral/infection control (intro)

4.5 Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) awareness and dental relevance (intro)

5.1 Diabetes mellitus: types, symptoms, complications relevant to dentistry; 5.2 Glycemic control markers: HbA1c concept; dental timing principles; 5.3 Diabetic complications: infection risk, delayed healing, periodontal link (intro); 5.4 Hypoglycemia recognition and prevention during appointments (risk factors, meal timing)

5.5 Thyroid disorders: hyper vs hypo—clinical clues and dental considerations

5.6 Adrenal disorders awareness (intro): steroid therapy and stress dosing concept (basic)

5.7 Pregnancy physiology (intro) and dental implications: trimester planning, supine hypotension awareness.

6.1 Anemia types overview: iron deficiency vs B12/folate (clinical cues)

6.2 Thrombocytopenia: bleeding risk concept and dental caution

6.3 Hemophilia and inherited bleeding disorders: referral-based management principles

6.4 von Willebrand disease awareness (intro)

6.5 Leukemia/lymphoma awareness: oral signs (gingival enlargement, infections)

6.6 Anticoagulants/antiplatelets recap: bleeding risk assessment and local protocol awareness

6.7 Local hemostatic measures (overview): pressure, sutures, local agents awareness

7.1 Chronic kidney disease: key features and complications (intro); 7.2 Dialysis: scheduling considerations and infection risk awareness; 7.3 Drug dosing implications: renally excreted drugs awareness (intro); 7.4 Bleeding tendency and anemia in CKD (intro); 7.5 Transplant patients awareness: immunosuppression implications (intro)

8.1 Hepatitis (B/C) overview: transmission, screening questions, standard precautions

8.2 Cirrhosis: bleeding risk and drug metabolism implications (intro)

8.3 LFT relevance (intro) and when to request medical advice

8.4 Analgesics and liver disease: paracetamol caution concepts (jurisdiction-aware)

8.5 Alcohol use disorder: oral effects and dental management considerations (intro)

9.1 Blood-borne viruses: HBV, HCV, HIV—standard precautions and stigma-free care

9.2 HIV basics: oral manifestations awareness (candidiasis, ulcers) and referral principles

9.3 Post-exposure protocols awareness (needle stick injuries—intro)

9.4 Infective endocarditis recap: bacteremia risk procedures concept (intro)

9.5 Vaccination awareness for healthcare workers (intro; policy-dependent)

10.1 Epilepsy: triggers, medication effects (gingival enlargement awareness), appointment planning

10.2 Stroke/TIA: deficits, aspiration risk awareness, consent capacity considerations (intro)

10.3 Parkinson’s disease: tremor, drooling, oral hygiene challenges (intro)

10.4 Dementia/cognitive impairment: communication, consent, caregiver involvement (intro)

10.5 Trigeminal neuralgia awareness: pain characteristics and referral principles (intro)

11.1 GERD: dental erosion link; management advice awareness (intro)

11.2 Peptic ulcer disease: NSAID cautions (intro)

11.3 Inflammatory bowel disease: aphthous ulcers awareness; anaemia link (intro)

11.4 Liver-related GI issues cross-link (portal HTN awareness - intro)

12.1 Rheumatoid arthritis: TMJ involvement awareness; dexterity issues for OH

12.2 Osteoarthritis: common features; chair positioning considerations (intro)

12.3 Ankylosing spondylitis awareness: posture limitations (intro)

12.4 Bisphosphonates/anti-resorptives awareness (intro): oral implications and referral-based planning

12.5 Chronic pain syndromes awareness (intro) and medication considerations

13.1 Common skin disease–oral links awareness (psoriasis, eczema—intro)

13.2 Autoimmune blistering diseases awareness: pemphigus/pemphigoid (intro)

13.3 Erythema multiforme/Stevens–Johnson awareness (red flags)

13.4 Angioedema awareness: triggers and emergency significance

14.1 Cancer therapy basics: chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy awareness

14.2 Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia: infection/bleeding risk in dental care (intro)

14.3 Head and neck radiotherapy: xerostomia, caries risk, ORN awareness (intro)

14.4 Immunosuppressive drugs: steroids, transplant meds—oral infection risk (intro)

14.5 Antibiotic prophylaxis concepts in immunocompromised patients (intro; specialist-guided)

15.1 Anxiety and dental phobia: medical and behavioural relevance (intro)

15.2 Depression: medications and xerostomia/bruxism links (intro)

15.3 Antidepressants/antipsychotics: side effects relevant to dentistry (xerostomia, dyskinesia awareness)

15.4 Substance use disorders: tobacco, alcohol, stimulants awareness (intro)

15.5 Consent and capacity principles (intro)

16.1 Analgesics: paracetamol, NSAIDs—contraindications and cautions (as per local policy)

16.2 Antibiotics: penicillins, metronidazole, macrolides—common indications and cautions (intro)

16.3 Anticoagulants/antiplatelets: interaction risks and bleeding implications (overview)

16.4 Steroids: adrenal suppression concept and infection risk (intro)

16.5 Bronchodilators/inhaled steroids: oral candidiasis risk and prevention (rinse advice)

16.6 Calcium channel blockers/phenytoin/ciclosporin: gingival enlargement (link to perio)

16.7 Allergy management basics: recognizing allergy vs intolerance (intro)

17.1 When to request medical consultation (unstable disease, unclear meds, bleeding risk)

17.2 Appointment planning: stress reduction protocol (short morning visits, pain control)

17.3 Surgical vs non-surgical dental care considerations (bleeding/infection risk concept)

17.4 Antibiotic stewardship principles (avoid unnecessary prescribing)

17.5 Post-op instructions tailored to medically compromised patients (intro)

17.6 Emergency preparedness linkage (to Medical Emergencies module)