Community Dentistry II (Indices + Surveys)

1.1 Role of community dentistry in clinical decision-making and policy; 1.2 Oral health as a public health issue; 1.3 Levels of prevention in dentistry (primary/secondary/tertiary); 1.4 Key terms; 1.5 Ethics in community work; 1.6 Overview of oral health surveillance systems (concept; region-dependent examples)

2.1 Measures of disease frequency: prevalence vs incidence (uses and limitations); 2.2 Measures of association (intro): risk ratio/odds ratio concept; 2.3 Descriptive epidemiology: person–place–time; 2.4 Bias and error; 2.5 Reliability and validity: definitions and why they matter in indices; 2.6 Sampling error vs measurement error (survey relevance)

3.1 Cross-sectional surveys; 3.2 Case-control studies (intro): when used in oral health research; 3.3 Cohort studies (intro): basic concept and examples; 3.4 Clinical trials awareness (intro): intervention evaluation; 3.5 Ecological studies awareness (intro); 3.6 Choosing design based on question, feasibility, cost, and ethics

4.1 Target population vs study population; sampling frame; 4.2 Probability sampling; 4.3 Non-probability sampling; 4.4 Sample size concept (intro); 4.5 Cluster sampling in school surveys (common dental use); 4.6 Inclusion/exclusion criteria and eligibility screening; 4.7 Non-response and dropout: causes and minimization strategies

5.1 Examiner calibration; 5.2 Kappa statistic concept (intro): agreement beyond chance; 5.3 Training and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for indices; 5.4 Pilot studies: objectives and what to test (forms, logistics, timing); 5.5 Fieldwork quality checks; 5.6 Infection control and safety protocols in field surveys; 5.7 Equipment and supplies checklist for field dentistry programs

6.1 Survey objectives and outcome measures selection; 6.2 Stakeholder approvals, 6.3 Consent models; 6.4 Examiner teams: roles (examiner/recorder/coordinator); 6.5 Survey venue setup; 6.6 Infection control in non-clinical settings; 6.7 Referral pathways for urgent findings (pain, infection, suspicious lesions); 6.8 Data collection tools: paper forms vs electronic (intro); 6.9 Data management plan

7.1 Purpose of indices; 7.2 Properties of a good index; 7.3 Types; 7.4 Scoring systems; 7.5 Limitations

8.1 DMFT/DMFS definitions; ; 8.2 Case definitions and diagnostic thresholds (cavitated vs non-cavitated awareness); 8.3 Rules for recording D, M, F (common pitfalls and conventions); 8.4 Primary dentition indices: dmft/dmfs and mixed dentition recording principles; 8.5 Root caries indices awareness (intro); 8.6 Interpretation; 8.7 Caries experience vs caries activity (conceptual distinction)

9.1 Gingival Index (GI): scoring principles and interpretation (intro); 9.2 Plaque Index (Silness–Löe) or simplified plaque measures (overview); 9.3 Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S): debris and calculus components (intro); 9.4 CPITN/CPI concepts; 9.5 BPE/PSR awareness: quick screening systems (intro); 9.6 Limitations of periodontal indices in mixed dentition and younger ages; 9.7 Periodontal attachment measures awareness (CAL concepts; intro)

10.1 Calculus Index components (awareness; varies by curriculum); 10.2 Simplified indices for large surveys: partial recordings (intro); 10.3 Interpretation and program planning based on cleanliness scores

11.1 Rationale for malocclusion indices: planning services and prioritization ; 11.2 IOTN awareness: Dental Health Component + Aesthetic Component (intro); 11.3 DAI awareness: basic concept and scoring idea (intro); 11.4 Limitations

12.1 Dental fluorosis basics: causes and differentiation from other defects ; 12.2 Dean's Fluorosis Index (intro); 12.3 TF index awareness (intro; may be advanced for some curricula); 12.4 Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) index awareness (intro); 12.5 Interpretation for community fluoride policy planning (concept)

13.1 Why measure prosthetic status/need (service planning) ; 13.2 Prosthetic status: recording existing dentures/bridges (overview); 13.3 Prosthetic need; 13.4 Edentulism measures and interpretation for geriatric planning

14.1 Epidemiology of dental trauma: age groups and risk contexts (intro); 14.2 Simple trauma recording systems in surveys (overview); 14.3 Program implications

15.1 Risk factor surveillance: tobacco/areca/alcohol use measures; 15.2 Basic oral mucosal screening in community settings (visual exam principles); 15.3 Recording suspicious lesions: documentation and referral protocol; 15.4 Community awareness program planning: brief advice model (intro)

16.1 Types of questionnaires; 16.2 Question formats; 16.3 Bias in questionnaires; 16.4 Translation and cultural adaptation (regional relevance); 16.5 Piloting questionnaires and refining items; 16.6 Ethical handling of sensitive questions (tobacco, alcohol, hygiene practices)

17.1 Data coding and entry principles; 17.2 Descriptive statistics; 17.3 Graphs and tables; 17.4 Confidence intervals concept (intro); 17.5 Stratified analysis: age/sex/school-type comparisons (intro); 17.6 Reporting

18.1 Needs assessment: normative vs perceived vs expressed need (intro); 18.2 Priority setting; 18.3 Designing interventions, education, referral, monitoring and evaluation;

19.1 School-based screening workflow

19.2 Oral health education modules

19.3 Fluoride varnish/sealant program awareness (depending on local regulations)

19.4 Infection control and waste management in schools

19.5 Follow-up and referral compliance tracking (intro)

20.1 Informed consent and assent (minors); 20.2 Confidentiality and data protection principles; 20.3 Equity and inclusion; 20.4 Duty of care: handling urgent findings and safeguarding concerns awareness; 20.5 Professional conduct and documentation standards for outreach

21.1 Delivering clear OHI to groups vs individuals; 21.2 Behavior change basics: motivational interviewing awareness (intro); 21.3 Addressing myths and misconceptions (fluoride, scaling, bleeding gums); 21.4 Culturally sensitive communication (regional relevance); 21.5 Working with teachers/parents/community leaders